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By guest author Michael Cai“My will to live completely overcame my desire to win.”—Alfred Hajos, the first ever Olympic Swimming Gold Medalist, after being dumped into the frigid waters of the Mediterranean with his fellow competitors in 1. The sport of swimming has come a long way since the time of Alfred Hajos, when even Olympic- calibre swimmers had to struggle in the icy waters of the Mediterranean. In 2. 01. 3, we can drive over to a warm and (relatively) clean pool within a couple of minutes. With these improvements in sport conditions have come insights into how to use modern strength and conditioning methods to improve swim power and performance. Yet many swimmers don’t combine weight training with swimming. ASSISTED AND RESISTED SPRINT TRAINING. Assisted and resisted sprint training in swim-. The training program lasted 3 weeks during the Feb-. Differences In Training Programs And Time Trial Performances Of Teenage Sprint Freestyle Swimmers. DIFFERENCES IN TRAINING PROGRAMS AND TIME TRIAL. Training tip describing how weight training for cyclists is beneficial and. We believe all aspiring sprinters should follow a weight program for at least 2 years to develop the muscle adaptations necessary for sprint. Weightlifting Guidelines for Swimmers. You eventually reach an aerobic threshold and then the rest of your training is useless. Distance swimmers will gain. ABSTRACTS IN THE TRAINING FOR SWIMMING. Training program effect after detraining in young athletes. JUSTIFICATION FOR INSPIRATORY MUSCLE TRAINING IN SPRINT SWIMMERS. Plyometric training for speed swimmers? Maybe for explosive starts, but what is the best way to train fish on dry land? A 'complex' training program with a variety of. Weight training for swimmers is a great way to improve your endurance and. This is because many of the top athletes are using weight training to maximise lower and upper body. If you’re a swimmer, I highly recommend that you support your swimming with some strength and conditioning work. Here are 5 reasons why. It’s hard to build muscle through swimming alone. Effects of Strength training on Sprint Swim performance. An overview of the different groups with respect to sex, age, and weight is given in.You build muscle through stressing your muscles, and swimming through water does not put a particularly large amount of stress on your muscles. Most of the muscle stress comes from repeated motions you do while you swim. Also, research has shown that female collegiate swimmers have the lowest bone density out of a variety of athletes from different types of sports. Lower gravity and impact may increase your risk of osteoporosis if you don’t combine swimming with weight training or other activities. Even that tuna you had for dinner last night could swim ten times as fast as Michael Phelps, and for longer periods of time. Weight training helps strengthen your core. Because there’s no support for your body in the water, most people tend to swim with their head up and torso (and possibly legs) drooping in the water. This position is bad for your back and your breathing. It’s also extremely inefficient: You are swimming “up” and not forward while facing enormous amounts of resistance because your body is not flat. Weight training helps strengthen your major muscle groups, which are used in swimming. Swimming uses a lot of muscles in your body, but the most important ones are your lats, pectorals, shoulders, quadriceps and hamstrings. Training these muscles in the weight room will help you to feel faster, better and more efficient in the pool. Varying movements helps reduce injuries. Swimming has a lot of repetitive motions. Doing them over and over increases the chances of injury for your muscles and joints. Some cross- training with weights can give your muscles time to rest and alleviate the boredom of always doing the same thing. Conversely, swimming will also help you loosen your muscles after a tough weight training workout. The basics of a swim stroke. Although swimming is quite complicated, there are some basics to keep in mind while you swim. Here’s a link to my site describing the top 5 common swimming mistakes. How and why to choose your exercises. Since, again, swimming requires a plethora of muscles, you can do many exercises. There really isn’t any exercise you shouldn’t do (barring anything obviously stupid or useless), but here are some guidelines to follow. Balance yourself end- to- end. Many people assume that swimming is all about the upper body. In fact, your body in the water is a see- saw with your core as the fulcrum. If your torso and legs aren’t properly balanced, the see- saw will tip towards one end, creating more resistance when you swim. Thus, if you want to swim well, you have to train both your upper and lower body, as well as your core. Note how in the left picture, the swimmer’s body position is balanced, but in the second picture, the swimmer’s legs trail the body, leading to a feeling of “Swimming uphill.”Balance yourself front- to- back. Another common assumption is that swimmers should focus on chest training and the “hugging” type motion that mimics pulling the hand towards the body (as, for example, in the front crawl). For years, I focused on my pectorals more than my back muscles, and the imbalance caused me to develop a hunchback: My pecs were so strong that they were pulling my shoulders in and stretching my shoulders, exacerbating my already painful shoulder conditions. This is an important lesson: Your muscles work together. Their opposing and synchronized action creates balance, coordinated movement, and stability. For example: If you do exercises that straighten your arm (such as presses), also do movements that bend your arm (such as pulls). If you do exercises that straighten your leg (such as leg extensions), do exercises that bend your leg (such as hamstring curls). If you do exercises that flex your spine (such as crunches), do exercises that extend/straighten your spin (such as low back extensions or planks). You get the idea. Make sure your muscles are capable of supporting each other, or you will increase the chances of muscle and joint injuries. Always work out your core. Imagine, for a moment, that you are lying flat on your stomach, precariously balanced on the middle of a see- saw. Now, flail your arms and legs as hard as possible. Easy, right? Here’s the catch: you have to keep the see- saw completely flat and level while you’re flailing. Not so easy now, is it? This motion is basically what your core has to go through for every single motion do you in the water. If your core is not able to handle the strength of your motions, your body will end up in a funny (read: inefficient and un- hydrodynamic) position, or you will be forced to weaken your motions and lessen the benefits of the exercise. Thus, make sure you work on your core as much as possible during your weight training session. Be asymmetrical and unstable. Swimming is all about instability, as the “flailing on a see- saw” example above illustrates. I know I just told you to create balance and stability. Paradoxically, we learn to be more stable and balanced by training with instability and asymmetry. Thus, use free weights such as dumbbells or kettlebells instead of barbells as often as possible. Do lots of single- armed or single- legged work. As an example, instead of doing bench presses with a bar, use a dumbbell in each hand. You can even try an alternating press — the slight turn in your body will add another layer of core demand as your body struggles to stabilize itself. Suggested exercises. As I’ve said, you could do any exercise as long as they are balanced, but here are a few of my favourites: Standing lat pulldowns. This exercise strengthens the biggest muscle you will be using to pull through the water – your lats. Doing them standing also improves core strength. Use a wide overhand grip with good spinal posture. Don’t cheat by using your lower back muscles. SEAL pushups. Navy SEALs are known as the best and baddest swimmers around, so anything they do will probably turn you into an aqua- ninja too. Don’t get intimidated by the name of this movement — it’s actually a really good and fun exercise! Grab two round- edged weights (1. Now, get into plank position and put your hands on the handles of the weights, with straight elbows. You should now be in a plank position with your hands next to each other, on the weights. Slowly spread your hands while still keeping hold of the weight handles – the weights should be rolling in your hands. Stop at double your shoulder width and do a pushup. After the pushup, roll the weights back together. Bring the left weight up to your chest, and then the right weight – be careful to not slip and fall! Et voila, you have just done your first SEAL pushup! Remember to keep your back straight the whole time, and to tighten your core. This exercise is good for your back, your core, and a variety of your upper body muscles including forearms, pectorals, triceps and biceps. Squats. These are time- tested favourites for giving your legs that extra kick in the water when you need it. Here’s Gary Hall Sr., a former World Record Holder talking about the importance of your legs in swimming: Remember to always squat all the way down to truly work your lower body. Squatting out little chicken hops with 2. They also build core stability, as you’re forced to stabilize your whole body in free space, similar to trying to stabilize your flailing body in the pool. If you can’t do a full pull- up yet, try using a resistance band for counterweight rather than relying only on lat pulldowns or a machine- assisted pull- up. The resistance band will make the movement easier by decreasing the load, but you’ll still be swinging from the bar. Although this exercise is great for overall body strength, it’s also very hard on your joints if you don’t do it properly. Make sure you warm up more than adequately, and remember to use controlled motions to minimize stress on your muscles and joints! Here are some tips on mistressing the pull- up. I’m busy training for swimming! I don’t have time for weight training! Actually, doing both weight training and swimming together is an efficient and effective way to train. A half- hour of weight training and a half- hour of swimming can do much more than just an hour of swimming or an hour of weight training. Swimming can help you rest and restore those joints so you can work out harder, and weight training can help you swim faster and more efficiently by building up your muscles. If you are devoting your time to swimming and are worried about fitting in more workouts, remember that most swimming pools have a weight training area (or at least a space to do some bodyweight movements), and you can work out for 2. Not only will this benefit your muscles, it will also warm you up and you won’t feel any lingering soreness once you swim for 5- 1. Try this basic sample combined workout! Weight training portion. Lat pulldowns: 3 rounds of 1. Alternating dumbbell bench press: 4 rounds of 8. Pull- ups or band- assisted pull- ups: 3 rounds of 1. Squats: 1. 0- 8- 6 ascending weight. SEAL push- ups: 3 rounds of 1. Get changed, and head over towards the pool! Swimming training portion. To swim faster, spend less time in the pool. It is probably fair to say that most swimmers and swim coaches see. Is this really the key to success, or is there an alternative approach. This article aims to stir up the debate. It is written not from a swimming coach's perspective but in the. Swimmers should read on with open minds and may then. Research into the effects of high- volume swim training on. The. legendary US physiologist Dave Costill has undertaken a great deal of research. In one study, his team of. Both. groups began with once daily training, but one group moved to twice daily. At no stage of the 2. Improvements in. swim times were identical for both groups at around 0. Again, even though one group did twice as much training, both groups. To quote Costill directly: 'Most competitive swimming events last. How can training for 3 to 4 hours per day at speeds that. Research from France supports Costill's conclusions. A. team of scientists analysed the training and performance of competitive 1. Their findings were as. Most swimmers completed two training sessions per day. Swimmers trained at five specific intensities. These were swim. speeds equivalent to 2, 4, 6 and a high 1. L blood lactate concentration. Over the whole season, the swimmers who made the biggest. Nevertheless, the. One of reasons for this high- volume bias is that swimmers and. I have. heard swimmers say they do not feel as comfortable in the water and confident. As a. non- swimmer I am happy to admit my ignorance and to concede that the technical. However, the idea that high- volume. If you told a. 1. Track sprinters focus on workouts and technical drills. The same must be true of swimming to a large extent; if a swimmer. The more training time. Two known consequences of. Research has also shown that periods of high- volume training. It has been shown that sprint. High- volume training does nothing for these fibres. In this way, high volume training can. This probably explains why 'tapering' is so effective at improving. It is known that maximal power increases. The French researchers mentioned. This begs the following questions: If such dramatic tapers in training are required to optimise. Would it not be better for swimmers to develop power in a. Examination of the demands of sprint swimming events will help to. The metabolic demands of swimming The shorter the swim event the greater the demand on the. This is particularly true of the 5. The longer. events, from 8. Evidence for this comes from blood lactate concentrations. L, suggesting that a great deal of energy is derived from the. The. highly anaerobic nature of sprint swim events would support the argument for. Some athletes and coaches go wrong by assuming it is best to do. This philosophy is. This leads to training programs that focus on 'lactate. There are two problems with this model of training: You need to be careful about assuming high lactate levels are a. Remember that lactic acid is the by- product of anaerobic breakdown. Lactic acid splits into the H+ ion and the lactate ion. It is the. acidic H+ ion that is the bad guy, interfering with force production in the. The. lactate ion simply diffuses through the muscle and into the bloodstream, with. In fact, the lactate ion can be recycled in the energy production. Therefore, a high level of. The training adaptation you are. H+ ion. Training at high intensities and so generating high. H+ in the. muscles and improve its ability to buffer the acid; Anaerobic glycolysis involves the fast breakdown of glycogen. Without the anaerobic energy systems, maximal power and high speeds. If you want high power, you have to have high levels of anaerobic. For sprint swimming, anaerobic capacity is the good guy and it. If an event places great demands on the anaerobic. This may seem odd to those. By focusing on. high volume aerobic training to reduce lactate levels you are in fact. For sprint swimmers, lactate threshold. I would argue, irrelevant. For longer events, such as 8. The race pace model of training. The implication of all the research mentioned above is that. In the world of running the focus of training is now on 'pace'. By using pace to monitor the. Middle distance running coach Frank Horwill created a five- pace. If you are a 1. 50. This model of training breeds a philosophy that values high. The coaches referred to above also recognise that different events. The 5 kilometre running event - which. I would argue that this kind of training model would. There is evidence that the difference between swimmers who reach. Olympics and those who do not is due more to the distance achieved per. The way to increase your distance per stroke. This is best achieved by high- intensity training, with. How can swimmers change their training to enhance power at pace. Again there may be lessons to learn from running. The 1. 00 metres swim. It may therefore be possible for swimmers to improve their. For example, an international 8. The 2. 00. metres swimmer's equivalent could be the usual high- volume training programme. This base training phase will be followed by more specific. The 2. 00 metres swimmer's equivalent could be. This phase is followed by a very intense pre- competition phase of. For the swimmer, this could involve a morning swim. For example, 8 x 5. The competition phase for runners will simply maintain aerobic and. For the swimmer this could involve some 'aerobic' slow- speed workouts. The best middle distance runners probably perform a maximal sprint. Swimmers. could also incorporate this into their programs with, for example, 1. I have argued, based on research, analysis of the energy demands. First hand Experience. The following feedback, in January 2. Grant Bubb, a USA triathlete. I am currently 3. I ran cross- country and swam as a high school student. I kept running after high school, but stopped swimming, mainly due to too much time/volume in the pool as a kid. After not swimming for 1. I started swimming again about a year ago for a triathlon that I completed last summer. Rather than putting in the long- hours, high- volume, and swim- by- the- clock techniques that I was familiar with from my youth (similar to what you mentioned in your article), I instead adapted my run training plan to swimming. I swam two or three times a week, usually one day as interval training (1. Over time, I found that my 1. Long- story short, after 1. I finished my first- ever 1. August. This is a little slower than I can run an equivalent distance of 7. Ironman distance triathlon, so I was going all out. I took four months off swimming (Sep to Dec 2. Although my years in the pool as a child (age 5 - 1. I followed the typical advice for high intensity interval training, e. So, if my 2. 00 meter work interval took 2: 4. I then swam easy for 2: 4. The rest interval usually ended up about half the distance of the work interval, as is the case with my run training. References. BRANDON, R. Peak Performance, 1. Article Reference. The information on this page is adapted from Brandon (2. Microbial Genome Sequencing Program . Please be advised that, depending. NSF 1. 6- 1 may apply to proposals submitted in response to this. DUE DATES. Archived. SYNOPSISAs a collaborative, interagency effort, the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) of the U. S. Department of Agriculture invite research proposals (i) to support high- throughput sequencing of the genomes of microorganisms (including viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, oomycetes, protists and agriculturally important nematodes) and (ii) to develop and implement strategies, tools and technologies to make currently available genome sequences more valuable to the user community. What is the Community Science Program? The Community Science Program (CSP) was created to provide the scientific community at large with access to high-throughput. Microbial genome projects that are in progress, have been completed, or are funded but not yet underway, are presented here along with information. Research abstracts from the 2002 DOE Human Genome Program Contractor-Grantee meeting. Topics include sequencing, functional genomics, sequencing technologies. High throughput sequencing is now fast and cheap enough to be considered part of the toolbox for investigating bacteria, and there are thousands of bacterial genome. Microbial Genome Sequencing Projects. GENOMICS The complete genomic DNA sequence has been determined for a variety of microbes. DOE Microbial Genome Program.Marine Microbial Genome Sequencing Project. Group Leader Christopher Town, Ph.D. Science Education Program. Invest in Innovation. The availability of genome sequences provides the foundation for understanding how microorganisms function and live, and how they interact with their environments and with other organisms. The sequences are expected to be available to and used by a community of investigators to address issues of scientific and societal importance including: novel aspects of microbial biochemistry, physiology, metabolism, development and cellular biology; the diversity and the roles microorganisms play in complex ecosystems and in global geochemical cycles; the impact that microorganisms have on the productivity and sustainability of agriculture and natural resources (e. A Microbial Genomics Workshop is held annually; all current awardees in this interagency program are expected to attend. REVISIONS AND UPDATESIn furtherance of the President's Management Agenda, NSF has identified programs that will offer proposers the option to utilize Grants. Grants. gov to prepare and submit proposals. Grants. gov provides a single Government- wide portal for finding and applying for Federal grants online. In response to this program solicitation, proposers are required to submit full proposals via Grants. What Has Been Funded (Recent Awards Made Through This Program, with Abstracts)Map of Recent Awards Made Through This Program. Metagenomics - Wikipedia. Metagenomics allows the study of microbial communities like those present in this stream receiving acid drainage from surface coal mining. Metagenomics is the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as environmental genomics, ecogenomics or community genomics. While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing and genomics rely upon cultivated clonalcultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the 1. S r. RNA gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample. Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation- based methods. Brady, and others, and first appeared in publication in 1. Recently, Kevin Chen and Lior Pachter (researchers at the University of California, Berkeley) defined metagenomics as . However, early metagenomic studies revealed that there are probably large groups of microorganisms in many environments that cannot be cultured and thus cannot be sequenced. These early studies focused on 1. S ribosomal. RNA sequences which are relatively short, often conserved within a species, and generally different between species. Many 1. 6S r. RNA sequences have been found which do not belong to any known cultured species, indicating that there are numerous non- isolated organisms. These surveys of ribosomal RNA (r. RNA) genes taken directly from the environment revealed that cultivation based methods find less than 1% of the bacterial and archaeal species in a sample. Pace and colleagues, who used PCR to explore the diversity of ribosomal RNA sequences. Considerable efforts ensured that these were not PCR false positives and supported the existence of a complex community of unexplored species. Although this methodology was limited to exploring highly conserved, non- protein coding genes, it did support early microbial morphology- based observations that diversity was far more complex than was known by culturing methods. Soon after that, Healy reported the metagenomic isolation of functional genes from . Essentially all of the viruses in these studies were new species. In 2. 00. 4, Gene Tyson, Jill Banfield, and colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley and the Joint Genome Institute sequenced DNA extracted from an acid mine drainage system. All of these samples are sequenced using shotgun sequencing, in hopes that new genomes (and therefore new organisms) would be identified. The pilot project, conducted in the Sargasso Sea, found DNA from nearly 2. Analysis of the metagenomic data collected during this journey revealed two groups of organisms, one composed of taxa adapted to environmental conditions of 'feast or famine', and a second composed of relatively fewer but more abundantly and widely distributed taxa primarily composed of plankton. Schuster at Penn State University and colleagues published the first sequences of an environmental sample generated with high- throughput sequencing, in this case massively parallel pyrosequencing developed by 4. Life Sciences. The approach, used to sequence many cultured microorganisms and the human genome, randomly shears DNA, sequences many short sequences, and reconstructs them into a consensus sequence. Shotgun sequencing reveals genes present in environmental samples. Historically, clone libraries were used to facilitate this sequencing. However, with advances in high throughput sequencing technologies, the cloning step is no longer necessary and greater yields of sequencing data can be obtained without this labour- intensive bottleneck step. Shotgun metagenomics provides information both about which organisms are present and what metabolic processes are possible in the community. To achieve the high coverage needed to fully resolve the genomes of under- represented community members, large samples, often prohibitively so, are needed. On the other hand, the random nature of shotgun sequencing ensures that many of these organisms, which would otherwise go unnoticed using traditional culturing techniques, will be represented by at least some small sequence segments. However, this limitation is compensated for by the much larger number of sequence reads. In 2. 00. 9, pyrosequenced metagenomes generate 2. Taken in combination, these factors make the assembly of metagenomic sequence reads into genomes difficult and unreliable. Misassemblies are caused by the presence of repetitive DNA sequences that make assembly especially difficult because of the difference in the relative abundance of species present in the sample. Some programs, such as Phrap or Celera Assembler, were designed to be used to assemble single genomes but nevertheless produce good results when assembling metagenomic data sets. The use of reference genomes allows researchers to improve the assembly of the most abundant microbial species, but this approach is limited by the small subset of microbial phyla for which sequenced genomes are available. This type of approach is implemented in the program MEGAN4. This is the approach taken by programs such as Gene. Mark. The main advantage of ab initio prediction is that it enables the detection of coding regions that lack homologs in the sequence databases; however, it is most accurate when there are large regions of contiguous genomic DNA available for comparison. Binning is the process of associating a particular sequence with an organism. This approach is implemented in MEGAN. Metadata includes detailed information about the three- dimensional (including depth, or height) geography and environmental features of the sample, physical data about the sample site, and the methodology of the sampling. Because of its importance, metadata and collaborative data review and curation require standardized data formats located in specialized databases, such as the Genomes On. Line Database (GOLD). In 2. 00. 7, Folker Meyer and Robert Edwards and a team at Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago released the Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology server (MG- RAST) a community resource for metagenome data set analysis. Over 8,0. 00 users now have submitted a total of 5. MG- RAST. The Integrated Microbial Genomes/Metagenomes (IMG/M) system also provides a collection of tools for functional analysis of microbial communities based on their metagenome sequence, based upon reference isolate genomes included from the Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system and the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) project. Faster and efficient tools are needed to keep pace with the high- throughput sequencing, because the BLAST- based approaches such as MG- RAST or MEGAN run slowly to annotate large samples (e. Thus, ultra- fast classifiers have recently emerged, thanks to more affordable powerful servers. These tools can perform the taxonomic annotation at extremely high speed, for example CLARK . At such a speed, a very large dataset/sample of a billion short reads can be processed in about 3. Comparative metagenomics. Comparisons of population structure and phylogenetic diversity can be made on the basis of 1. S and other phylogenetic marker genes, or. Examples of such methodologies include the dinucleotide relative abundance approach by Willner et al. Additionally some methods as Triage. Tools. The similarity measure they apply on reads is based on a number of identical words of length k shared by pairs of reads. A key goal in comparative metagenomics is to identify microbial group(s) which are responsible for conferring specific characteristics to a given environment. However, due to issues in the sequencing technologies artifacts need to be accounted for like in metagenome. Seq. A GUI- based comparative metagenomic analysis application called Community- Analyzer has been developed by Kuntal et al. Notably, this layout algorithm also enables grouping of the metagenomes based on the probable inter- microbial interaction patterns rather than simply comparing abundance values of various taxonomic groups. In addition, the tool implements several interactive GUI- based functionalities that enable users to perform standard comparative analyses across microbiomes. Data analysis. Such studies require detailed knowledge about which versions of which proteins are coded by which species and even by which strains of which species. Therefore, community genomic information is another fundamental tool (with metabolomics and proteomics) in the quest to determine how metabolites are transferred and transformed by a community. Because of the technical difficulties (the short half- life of m. RNA, for example) in the collection of environmental RNA there have been relatively few in situ metatranscriptomic studies of microbial communities to date. As viruses lack a shared universal phylogenetic marker (as 1. S RNA for bacteria and archaea, and 1. S RNA for eukarya), the only way to access the genetic diversity of the viral community from an environmental sample is through metagenomics. Viral metagenomes (also called viromes) should thus provide more and more information about viral diversity and evolution. It can also be applied to solve practical challenges in medicine, engineering, agriculture, sustainability and ecology. This is part of the Human Microbiome initiative with primary goals to determine if there is a core human microbiome, to understand the changes in the human microbiome that can be correlated with human health, and to develop new technological and bioinformatics tools to support these goals. The study attempted to categorize the depth and phylogenetic diversity of gastrointestinal bacteria. Using Illumina GA sequence data and SOAPdenovo, a de Bruijn graph- based tool specifically designed for assembly short reads, they were able to generate 6. Gb and a N5. 0 length of 2. The study demonstrated that two bacterial divisions, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, constitute over 9. Shri Satyanarayan Ki Vrat Katha. Best Of Anup Jalota : http: //bit. SMHu. Listen To The Top Devotional Bhakti Songs : http: //bit. XLGXXFor More Mantras & Bhajans - http: //bit. MWPIAarti, Bhajans & Other Devotional Hits : http: //bit. Fw. JHShri Satyanarayan Ki Vrat Katha - Vol. Shriman Narayan - 0. Satyanarayan Vrat - 0. Bhakt Ki Pukar- Vrat Ki Tayyari - 1. Bramhan Shatanand Katha - 1. Anup Jalota Shri Satyanarayan Ki Vrat Katha Vol 2 Shri Satyanarayan Ki Vrat Katha Vol 2 Songs. Shri Satyanarayan Ki Vrat Katha Vol 2 Songs Download Anupama.Jhoola Jhoole Nandlal. Mein Na Jiyun Bin Ram. 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Free trial for Mac and PC computers. A few. seconds is all anyone takes to decide whether to read a letter or discard it. A. secretary or p. You can do a lot on the phone. Having a telephone. It also shows that you have a professional appreciation of the. To get through, your sales. You must grab attention in five seconds; that's about. This implies a. headline, which is why headlines are often used. If you prefer not to use a. People used to talk in terms of 4- 8 seconds to grab. Now it's best to work on less than five seconds. This is because. progressively we can all absorb information and ideas far more quickly than we. Our environments condition and 'train' our brains to do this. Awesome powerpoint templates. Awesome powerpoint backgrounds are designed to enhance your presentation. If you've got powerpoint, you've probably tried the templates that come bundled with powerpoint. The standard powerpoint. Brochure Design Service - Professional Brochure Designers. Designs the best brochures - 100% money back guarantee and 0% financing for your design project. Tri-folds, pamphlets, bi-folds, catalog designs by professional. Enterprise PowerPoint template is a blue background for PowerPoint presentations that you can use to enhance your presentations with an elegant and professional PowerPoint background. This enterprise background for PowerPoint. Think. about TV adverts, video games, chatrooms, email and text messages, fast- moving. Your contacts are just the same. If it takes too. long they won't bother. Efficient and effective letters not only get read and. Every word must be working for you; if it's not, remove it. Read. the financial pages of the broadsheets - look at the words that people use - . The. secretary or p. For a letter. to stand a chance of being passed on to your target by the secretary it needs. The letter structure should also follow the AIDA format (it's as. SlideGenius is an expert presentation design company in California, providing professional, captivating, & high-impact PowerPoint presentation experience.Attention (I want to read on). Interest (this is relevant to me and my company). Desire (this is potentially beneficial and I want to pursue this. Action (when I'm called I'll talk/make an appointment/delegate. Obviously make sure you use the person's correct title (Mr, Mrs. Ms, Dr, etc) and properly spelled surname in the address (initials are. If you are laying out a letter or a mail- merge for. The less words the better. Generally three. short paragraphs of 'body- copy' suffice. It's doubtful you'd achieve what you. Use bullet points if you have a number of short points to make. Say that you'll be writing, and ask to confirm. The old convention was to use Sir. Madam if you'd not spoken to the person before, but nowadays it's reasonably. Mr/Mrs/Ms (surname). Generally. avoid 'clever' glib ad- type slogans. Avoid upper case (capitals) lettering - . Headline should. be between two- thirds and three- quarters up the page - where the eye- line is. Often it's easier to decide on your headline after. The headline is extremely important - . Technical and. complex words help, provided they are relevant and that your target recipient. Using technical words that are relevant and recognisable. Use 'director- speak' - words and phrases that directors. Given that most introductory letters avoid mentioning prices. Logically it. helps to relate prices or costs to expected returns. Remember that most. There can be risks in using direct references to the target's. Use references that you believe. Focus on a single theme and result - do. As a general rule, be specific but not. Ensure your proposition has the WIIFM. What's in it for me?' - your contact must feel that it's worth his or. Keep. it general, concise, significant, serious and brief. This is a good place to. It is useful to suggest or. Uniqueness is very helpful. Don't sell, claim or guarantee to be able to. Understatement is a very useful style. How can you possibly know. Avoid stating a date and time that you'll phone. Avoid using this for senior contacts because it can be seen. A good letter won't need. It begins with a. It then. presents a financial case - invest 'x' to get 'y'. Senior decision- makers are. The letter then explains briefly in bullet points. And then there's the action point. Use the technique with care: ensure. P. S.' statement that is appropriate to the context or it could. It happens to be a. If you are finding it. You can see more details about Flash Bang Wallop in the (case. Avoid posing puzzles - people cannot. I can imagine at least. I'm just another prospect.. Talk about your intended customer and their. Your chances of the contact seeing the letter increase. You can achieve a lot on the phone - especially. This type of. introductory letter is ideal for new sales situations when you need to generate. This type of letter must be. If you find. yourself falling into this trap remember JFDI - get on and do it. A good simple introductory letter can also establish a level of. It's just a form of selling. You are. selling your idea and yourself. In the case of inventions, do. Patents are expensive, and moreover. Many inventors assume they have come up with an original idea, spend. Telling people about your. Telling people will also. Some. of these are parasitic organisations who will charge you a fee for basically. Some are worse and exploit inventors for extortionate fees. So before engaging an agency of this type, clearly and firmly clarify what. If you ask a. patent lawyer you can predict what the answer will be.. And they'll say you. At some point you. The questions are. Is the invention or new product idea significantly better than. The fewer of these questions that you can answer positively, then the. Your entire. proposition is a rough concept to begin with, in all respects. You must mould. it into shape over time. Tighten up the facts and figures as you go along. Not much is. known, but critically the rough estimates stack up into a good- looking business. You must be sure your idea does too. It's easy to do this on the. Phone the companies also for their brochures, and annual reports if. This will help you to build a picture of how they operate and what. Select your potential partners. Perhaps complete a SWOT. Importantly, understand the basic financials - their. You should. ideally seek an opportunity to present your invention or idea in person. An idea with a strong business case is far more. Phone each company (somebody at head office in the. Who are their people who are. And then follow. their process. It will be different for each company, and will therefore. You need this for your own protection, especially if. Also, potential licensees - especially. NPD (new product development), which would create a. For this reason. big corporations have rigorous submission processes which can be off- putting. The same principles apply - you are selling. Do not explain what the. NDA's (non- disclosure. I say 'your team' because the. The potential licensee. Adapt it according to the process. Do not provide details of your idea until and. There will be some corporate marketing executives, product managers, and. This is another reason for. CEO's p. a. Our research indicates that our. We can. prove/show/demonstrate design, development, production, and distribution. We estimate. that the investment required for design and development necessary for launch. Or please. contact me. You can see more details about us/our company at our website. |
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